III.The Court’s Guide Deciding Whether Collective Expulsion Have Happened
The Court has a history of evaluating pushback of refugees. Khlaifia and Others v. Italy…
As is seen, it was not the first time the Court evaluated a pushback incident amounting…
All major human rights treaties prohibit collective expulsion. For example, the Charter…
Protocol No 4 article 4 briefly states that “[c]ollective expulsion of aliens is prohibited”.…
Even though the prohibition is put in one sentence, a guideline…
Finally, through the analysis made, it will be clarified more with the culpable conduct…
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