The Liberalisation Of European Energy Markets: The Use Of Competition Law As A Regulatory Tool

A. The Principle of Proportionality in EU Law

Although the principle of proportionality(12) was occasionally mentioned in early cases in the Court of Justice, recognition of the principle as a “general principle of law” can be traced back to 1970s.(13)…

Despite the very abstract nature of the principle, an objective analysis in the judicial…